Canada’s PNP was created in 1998 to distribute and expand the economic benefits of immigration beyond the country’s largest metropolitan areas. It is one of the most popular routes for immigration of skilled workers. The Provincial Nominee Program (PNP) is a Canadian immigration pathway that allows provinces and territories to nominate skilled workers, business professionals, and graduates who have the skills and experience needed to contribute to their local economies. Each province has its own specific streams and eligibility criteria tailored to regional job market needs. Through the PNP immigration consultants, candidates can apply for permanent residence more quickly if they demonstrate a genuine intent to live and work in that province. The Provincial Nominee Program Canada is an excellent option for individuals seeking to build a stable future in Canada while supporting local community growth and development.
Note: This document’s purpose is to only inform and could be changed as policies are updated. This article was last updated on November 15, 2025. For official information relating to Canadian student visas and immigration, visit the Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) website, or contact a Registered Canadian Immigration Consultant.
Through the Provincial Nominee Program (PNP), the federal government has decided to target 91,500 permanent resident (PR) admissions in 2026, which forecast an increase from last year’s target of 55,000 admissions, therefore indicating a positive shift for PNP candidates across Canada.
The Immigration Levels Plan announces admission targets for 2026, along with notional targets for 2027-2028.
Two years before, the federal government reduced permanent admissions targets for the PNP by 50%. But for 2026, they have decided to nearly double the targets, increasing provincial immigration by 66%. And in 2027, 67% compared to targets announced in 2025.
Provinces are now able to create and designate their own provincial immigration streams with preferable skills or talent, giving them the authority to nominate individuals who could not qualify for Express Entry. For example, Saskatchewan.
Under the Saskatchewan Immigrant Nominee Program (SINP) for 2025.
Saskatchewan has received an increase of 1,136 nominations.
Under this Program, the total allocation for the year has been brought to 4,761
It has been estimated that jobs in trucking, accommodation, food service, and retail trade will be incorporated in 25% of the new nominations.
Despite these sectors reaching their 25% nomination cap in June, after which the SINP started returning applications in these sectors; the procession of some applications in these sectors will begin again due to the increase in quotas.
The remaining large part of 75% of the new nominations will be directed towards the non-capped sector, prioritizing healthcare, agriculture, and skilled trades sectors.
Since most PNP streams prefer candidates who have worked or studied in their province, this increase in nomination quota could benefit PNP candidates who are temporary residents. Basically, the work permit and the study permit holders in Canada. It will allow them a much easier transition to Permanent Residency (PR). PNPs function as an excellent alternative to Canada’s Express Entry system for candidates seeking PR but cannot speak proficient French, or who do not have high Comprehensive Ranking System (CRS) scores.
Post-graduation work permit (PGWP) holders, the students who have graduated and transformed their work status can benefit from these changes as they are usually among the most eligible candidates for PR.
In addition, PGWP holders who receive a nomination and apply for PR can also benefit from a bridging open work permit (BOWP). This will allow them to maintain a valid work status while awaiting a decision on their PR application.
Do not have high enough CRS scores to meet the cut-off scores for draws under Express Entry.
The issue of workforce shortages is looked after by expanding provincial nomination quota. With the federal government removing added CRS points for arranged employment from Express Entry in 2025, the PNP is important for employers who are seeking to keep foreign workers as employees.
Invitations to Apply (ITA) or nominations of PNP are not similar to the Admission targets. They make us aware of how many people Canada expects and allow to welcome.
The IRCC assigns each province an annual nomination allocation to meet PNP admissions targets. This is the number of applicants each year a province can nominate under its PNP.
Due to processing timelines for permanent residency applications, allocation levels often result in delayed admissions.
With higher nomination allocations, provinces can extend more invitations to potential immigrants through their provincial draws.
It’s also worth noting that the number of Invitations to Apply (ITAs) typically exceeds the number of available nominations to account for refusals and incomplete applications.
Under the previous Immigration Levels Plan (2025–2027), the federal government reduced provincial immigration admission targets by 50% compared to the year before. The cut triggered immediate downstream effects at the start of January, with most provinces and territories seeing their PNP nomination allocations similarly halved.
In response to the reduced quotas, several jurisdictions adjusted their immigration programs—pausing or discontinuing certain PNP streams and narrowing their intake to applicants working in priority sectors or occupations.
Following are the major changes in the trends of PNP:
British Columbia suspended the launch of three new graduate streams and placed all International Post-Graduate applications submitted after September 1, 2024, on a wait-list.
Since January, the majority of provinces and territories — with the exception of Ontario and Prince Edward Island — have secured increased nomination allocations from the federal government, highlighting the growing efforts to meet regional job market demands.
In January, Saskatchewan’s nomination allocation under the SINP for 2025 was reduced by half compared to the previous year. Alongside this cut, the federal government introduced a new requirement stating that 75% of all nominees must already be living in Canada.
For the remaining 25% of nominations available to applicants outside the country, Saskatchewan is prioritizing individuals working in key sectors such as healthcare, agriculture, and skilled trades. This targeted approach reflects the province’s effort to address critical workforce shortages while adapting to reduced federal allocations.
Overall, the federal decision to restore and expand Provincial Nominee Program allocations marks a significant shift in Canada’s immigration direction for 2026 and beyond.
After a year of reduced quotas and tightened provincial programs, the renewed emphasis on regional job market needs and priority sectors such as healthcare, agriculture, and skilled trades signals a more targeted and economically responsive approach. Provinces now have greater flexibility to select candidates who are already contributing to their communities, while temporary residents—including international graduates and foreign workers—gain a clearer pathway to permanent residency. As provincial allocations continue to adjust and new sector-focused strategies take shape, the PNP is poised to remain one of the most important drivers of Canada’s immigration system and a key tool in supporting long-term workforce and demographic stability across the country.
There are other work permit options available for international students who failed to acquire Post Graduation Work Permit (PGWP). This article will cover different types of work permit available in Canada, PGWP alternatives
for international students and important evaluations conducted by the programs to hire or allow foreign national to work in the country.
Note: This document’s purpose is to only inform and could be changed as policies are updated. This article was last updated on November 15, 2025. For official information relating to Canadian student visas and immigration, visit the Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) website, or contact a Registered Canadian Immigration Consultant.
International students who graduate from a Canadian institution and receive a valid job offer
may qualify for a work permit through the Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP). Since
TFWP requires an LMIA, the employer must show that no Canadian worker is available for
the role. This route is ideal for students looking to secure long-term employment in Canada
and transition into the Canadian job market after studies.
International students from IEC-partner countries can apply for a Working Holiday or Young Professional permit to gain valuable Canadian work experience. IEC offers a flexible way to extend your stay in Canada and build your career after graduation, making it a popular option
for global youth seeking Canadian work opportunities.
Skilled international students, especially those in tech, engineering, and innovation programs, may benefit from the Global Hypergrowth Project (GHP) by securing jobs with fast-growing Canadian companies. Graduates hired by GHP-selected firms enjoy faster work permit processing, helping them start their careers in Canada quickly and efficiently.
International students who join multinational companies after graduation may later qualify
as Intra-Company Transferees. ICT work permits allow professionals to transfer to the
Canadian branch of their company without needing an LMIA. This pathway is ideal for
graduates aiming to build global careers with opportunities in Canada.
International students who are citizens of Free Trade Agreement or FTA-partner countries
such as the US, Mexico, Chile, Colombia, Peru which may access simplified work permit
options under these agreements. FTA work permits often eliminate the LMIA requirement
and provide smoother, faster entry into professional roles in Canada.
International students who are married or in a partnership can gain Canadian work
authorization through a Spousal Open Work Permit. If your spouse holds a valid study permit
or a skilled worker permit, you may be eligible to work for almost any employer in Canada.
This is a strong option for student families wishing to live, study, and work together in
Canada.
An LMIA plays a major role in your Canadian work permit because, for most employer specific permits, the employer must first obtain a Positive LMIA before you can apply. This approval strengthens your job offer, increases the likelihood of your work permit being approved, and determines that you will receive an employer-specific permit tied to that company and job location. An LMIA can also help you with long-term immigration plans by adding CRS points to your Express Entry profile. However, your application cannot proceed until the LMIA is issued, and processing times vary, although some priority occupations qualify for 10-day processing. Understanding LMIA requirements is essential for international students and skilled workers planning to work and eventually immigrate to Canada.
The Labor Market Impact Assessment (LMIA) is an official document issued by Employment and Social Development Canada (ESDC). It confirms whether a Canadian employer is allowed to hire a foreign worker for a job role. An LMIA is required when an employer needs to prove that no Canadian citizen or permanent resident is available to fill the position. When approved, it is called a Positive LMIA, meaning the employer is permitted to hire a foreign worker. This document becomes an essential part of many Canadian work permit applications.
The Atlantic Immigration Program (AIP) offers a direct pathway to Canadian permanent residence for skilled workers who secure a job offer from a designated employer in one of Canada’s Atlantic provinces such as Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, or Newfoundland and Labrador. AIP candidates can apply for a LMIA-exempt work permit, allowing them to start working in Canada while their PR application is being processed. This makes AIP a strong option for international graduates and skilled professionals looking for a faster, employer-supported route to permanent residency in Atlantic Canada.
A Spousal Open Work Permit (SOWP) allows spouses or partners of Canadian citizens or permanent residents to work for any employer in Canada while their inland family sponsorship application is being processed. Because this permit is open and LMIA-exempt, it provides financial stability for families during the PR process and helps newcomers gain valuable Canadian work experience. For applicants seeking long-term settlement in Canada, a Spousal OWP is an excellent work permit option that supports both employment and a clear pathway to permanent residency.
There are certain conditions when students apply for a work permit before their study permit expires. They can start working full-time within certain time period once they receive their final grades and the following conditions are met such as:
As per Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) and immigration lawyers,
students can apply for any type of work permit while renewing their study permit. This
process is not only limited to Post Graduation Work Permit (PGWP)
Canada allows work permits for citizens of countries that come under the bilateral youth mobility agreements (bYMAs) with Canada.
Depending on nationality and authorization of a specific agreement, citizens between the ages of 18 and 30 or 35 are eligible for these work permits.
The International Experience Canada (IEC) issue work permits, for three programs which are- Working Holiday, Young Professionals, and International Co-op that issue work permits, each with its own eligibility criteria and work permit outcomes. For new foreigners coming to the country seeking PGWP alternatives, two of these programs are relevant:
Canada continues to offer several work permit pathways for international students who miss the Post-Graduation Work Permit (PGWP) window, but each option comes with its own eligibility rules, limitations, and long-term immigration implications. Programs such as the Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP), the Atlantic Immigration Program (AIP), Intra-Company Transfers (ICT), and Spousal Open Work
Permits (SOWP) remain viable routes for graduates seeking employment and future
permanent residence.
For citizens of countries with youth-mobility or free-trade agreements, additional LMIA-exempt opportunities may also be available. However, it is essential for students to carefully assess and consult a certified immigration consultant to help them understand which option aligns with their qualifications, citizenship, goals, and timelines, and to stay updated with evolving IRCC policies. As Canadian immigration rules continue to adapt to labor-market needs, choosing the right work permit pathway can help students remain in Canada legally, gain meaningful work experience, and move closer to long-term settlement or permanent residency.
The Canadian permanent residence (PR) significantly depends on the primary National Occupational Classification (NOC) code which you use for your Express Entry.
Apart from determining your eligibility for certain Express Entry programs, it also affects your visibility as a suitable candidate for better Provincial Nominee Program (PNP) streams.
Choosing the right Primary NOC will help you avoid negative consequences for your immigration changes like missed opportunities, application refusals, and wrong representation.
This article will guide you on how to choose the right primary NOC and its importance in your Express Entry profile.
Note: This document’s purpose is to only inform and could be changed as policies are updated. This article was last updated on December 2, 2025. For official information relating to Canadian visas and immigration, visit the Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) website, or contact a Registered Canadian Immigration Consultant.
Your primary National Occupational Classification (NOC) is the primary category which you select in your candidate profile. As you create an Express Entry profile, you are required to input this primary NOC to base your Express Entry application which will represent your main skilled occupation for which you are claiming your experience once you receive an Invitation to Apply (ITA).
You can be found ineligible for certain Express Entry programs if you input the wrong primary NOC code in your Express Entry profile.
In one of the following NOC groups, your primary NOC should be available with at least 2 years of work experience for Federal Skilled Trades Program (FSTP) which are– Major Groups 72, 73, 82, 83, 92, or 93; Sub-Major Groups 726 and 932 are excluded, Minor Group 6320; or Unit Group 62200.
For instance, your work experience as a chef falls under NOC 62200 but you unintentionally listed your primary occupation as NOC 62300 which falls under cook. This minor mistake would make you ineligible for the FSTP because you did not realize that IRCC does not classify them similarly. It will mean you are misrepresenting your experience, as your duties of work experience do not match irrespective of them being similar to each other.
Your one year of continuous work experience in your primary occupation must match the NOC you plan to use while submitting an Express Entry application to be considered for the Federal Skilled Worker Program (FSWP).
For Canadian Experience Class (CEC), you must simply have at least one year of work experience which you gained by working in Canada in one or more NOCs that falls under TEER 0, 1, 2, or 3.
When you select the correct NOC as your primary occupation in your Express Entry profile, you are discovered by provinces that can be searching for professionals who have enough experience as per their requirement or a job offer in that same occupation.
Most Provincial Nominee Programs (PNPs) have at least one enhanced stream. The enhanced streams are aligned with the federal Express Entry system. In such cases, a PNP runs searches for candidates in a structured manner that meets the criteria for one or more of their enhanced streams by accessing the Express Entry profiles’ pool.
PNPs often conduct their structured searches based on primary NOCs, as well as the years of work experience in NOCs of interest, although they can filter their search based on a variety of other factors.
Based on provinces’ regional needs, PNPs mostly target and prioritize certain sectors and occupations for provincial nomination.
If a candidate accidentally inputs the wrong NOC as their primary occupation, their profile may never be discovered by a province for an enhanced stream that they can absolutely be eligible for.
If a province selects you from the Express Entry pool through enhanced stream, you receive a Notification of Interest (NOI), which is technically an invitation to apply for provincial nomination.
For Example- You wish to immigrate to Canada and settle in either of the provinces Alberta, Ontario, or British Columbia. Since you have been living and working in Ontario for over a year, so you eventually create an Express Entry profile which is meant to be considered under CEC, and you also select those three provinces as your Provinces of Interest (POI).
Let’s suppose you are working under the designation title of “Graphic Designer” which would fall under NOC 52120. You perform your duties diligently, gain your work experience and skills, but you find out that, according to the NOC, your job duties are more aligned with “Web Designer” falling under NOC 21233 so you make this NOC in your profile as your primary NOC.
But in another scenario based on your skills and qualifications, you are several points short for CEC draws with a supposedly Comprehensive Ranking System (CRS) score of 525, as per the recent CRS score cut-offs,
However, you will qualify for the Ontario Immigrant Nominee Program’s (OINP) through the Express Entry Human Capital Priorities stream, as the province finds their suitable candidates through the Express Entry pool.
Because when you selected your primary NOC as 21233 (Web Designer) while creating your Express Entry profile, you will be qualified for the tech draws of Ontario Immigrant Nominee Program’s (OINP)’s tech draws, which target nine specific occupations in the technology sector.
The OINP scans the Express Entry pool to find suitable candidates with qualifying work experience in one of these NOCs. When they see your profile meeting their regional needs, they will send you an NOI.
If you had just put your primary NOC as 52120 of Graphic Designer, gone based on your designation title at work, you wouldn’t have been discovered by Ontario and receive an invitation to apply for provincial nomination through Ontario’s initiative of recruitment of tech draws.
Also, when you apply for provincial nomination, you get an additional 600 points toward their CRS score, which will almost guarantee an ITA in the next Express Entry draw.
You cannot list multiple primary NOCs in one Express Entry profile. However, you can have work experience in multiple NOCs, and that experience can contribute to your eligibility for certain programs as CEC allows experience in more than one NOC as long as they fall under TEER 0, 1, 2, or 3. The key is to choose the NOC that best represents your main occupation and matches your documented duties. Here are simple steps to help you choose the correct primary NOC–
Step 1: Start with the Government of Canada’s NOC Search
Step 2: Open the Detailed NOC Description Page
Step 3: Compare Your Job Duties to the NOC Description
Step 4: Do NOT Choose Based on Job Title Alone
Step 5: Try Alternative Titles if Needed
Step 6: Ensure Your Documents Support the NOC
When you submit your Express Entry application, your documents must clearly reflect the duties listed under your chosen NOC.
These may include:
Immigration officers will verify whether your documents substantially match the NOC duties.
Step 7: Understand the Risks of Choosing the Wrong NOC
Selecting a NOC that does not match your real duties can lead to serious consequences, including:
Choosing the correct primary NOC is one of the most important decisions you make when preparing your Express Entry profile. It not only determines your eligibility for federal programs like FSWP, CEC, and FSTP, but also plays a major role in whether a province discovers your profile for enhanced PNP streams. A well-matched NOC increases your chances of receiving a Notification of Interest (NOI), improves your competitiveness in the pool, and helps prevent delays, refusals, or allegations of misrepresentation.
By understanding how NOCs work, comparing your actual job duties carefully, and selecting the NOC that accurately reflects your experience, you ensure your profile is both strong and compliant. As immigration policies evolve, staying informed and reviewing your NOC selection regularly can make a significant difference in your journey toward Canadian permanent residence.
Choosing your NOC wisely is not just a technical step, but it is a strategic decision that will shape your entire PR journey.
In 2026, Canada will introduce several new pathways to permanent residence (PR). In the upcoming year, the in-Canada applicants will be prioritized by the federal government through various pathways and programs which will focus on transitioning temporary residents into permanent residents.
There will also be reopening of intake periods in 2026 for some pathways and immigration streams that were closed after meeting their cap in 2025.
Here’s a detailed list of all the PR pathways expected to be launched in 2026 with their eligibility.
The federal government has announced its plan to expedite the transition up to 33,000 temporary work permit holders to permanent residence over 2026 and 2027 as per The Immigration Levels Plan 2026-2028.
Workers who have established strong roots in their communities and are contributing to the Canadian economy by paying taxes will be targeted through this initiative.
IRCC temporary resident to permanent resident pathway is the most in-demand program as in 2021 it was introduced for a limited time, and it hit its cap on the same day it was launched.
The details on how the government is planning to implement this expedite transition are yet to be announced. To increase your chances for PR once the new pathway opens should readily prepare the necessary documents to be able to apply on time as many previously lost the opportunity due to incomplete documents. So, here’s a list of documents you should be ready with:
Documents that demonstrate your ability to communicate in English and/or French:
Documents confirming you do not have a criminal record:
Evidence of academic credentials:
Documents showing your past international travel:
Proof of your work history used for eligibility or points:
If you are working at the time of PR application:
This applies if you are claiming community involvement or required to declare affiliations:
Proof of your personal identity and civil status:
For US H-1B visas holder the Canadian government signaled its plan to launch a new expedited pathway to permanent residence in the 2025 federal budget. As a part of Canada’s strategy to boost innovation in its key sectors such as technology, healthcare, and research. This upcoming program is designed to attract highly skilled professionals in these sectors.
It has been indicated by the officials that “in the coming months,” this pathway will launch, although specific dates or detailed criteria are yet to be announced.
This move is built on a successful 2023 pilot which reached its 10,000-application cap within days due to overwhelming demand as this program offered three-year open work permits to H-1B visa holders.
Having a US H-1B visa will most likely be a prerequisite to apply for this PR pathway as the government is yet to share specific details on this upcoming pathway.
Up to 14,000 foreign national construction workers would be admitted to Canada as IRCC announcement in March 2025. Further details on whether they would be admitted under permanent, temporary or a combination of both pathways are yet to been given.
The then immigration minister Marc Miller had stated that up to 6,000 immigration spaces would be reserved for undocumented construction workers who are already in Canada.
Amidst the housing supply shortage this initiative was launched to support Canada’s construction sector, which has faced persistent shortages for construction workers.
As of now, the government is yet to release the details on the implementation of this program and the eligibility criteria for applicants.
IRCC revealed in its 2025-2026 Department Plan to create a sector-specific stream for foreign workers in agriculture and fish processing. By streamlining the hiring of workers in these sectors, this new stream would expand through partner country agreements. With a goal to launch in 2025–2026, IRCC noted at the time of the announcement it was developing this stream in collaboration with Employment and Social Development Canada (ESDC). The program will feature a dedicated work permit dedicated to this sector.
More details and eligibility are yet to be disclosed.
To replace the existing Economic Mobility Pathways Pilot (EMPP), the federal government is also expected to create a new permanent pathway to PR.
The EMPP program is designed for Canadian employers to access new labor pool by helping skilled refugees and displaced people looking for work in Canada.
The permanent program was expected to launch before December 31, 2025, which is when the current EMPP pilot will expire, but since the program’s featured details and eligibility rules have not yet been released, which means this may launch in 2026 instead as per the IRCC’s 2025–2026 Departmental Plan.
It was announced by the federal government in its most recent Immigration Levels Plan, that they would implement a one-time initiative for about 115,000 protected persons who are already in Canada to streamline the transition to permanent residence. Not necessarily, but this transition is foreseen to come under the upcoming Economic Mobility Pathway.
As per the most recent government data of 2019 – Mar 2025, a total of 970 people has been admitted to Canada through the EMPP since its launch. Although the program is currently no longer accepting new applications for the Federal EMPP No Job Offer and Job Offer streams
The criteria of the new pathway are expected to be similar to those of EMPP.
Candidates must be able to prove their status as a refugee or displaced person to be eligible for the EMPP.
They may also have to meet additional criteria in relation to work experience, education, and language skills.
IRCC launched two temporary initiative pilot programs in March, 2025 through which home care workers with job offers can gain permanent residency:
Each pathway had two application streams, one for workers inside Canada and another for applicants not working in Canada.
Both pilots accepted 2,750 applications each in 2025 and reached their caps within the same day of launching. For or out-of-status home care workers in Canada, a limited number of these spaces was reserved.
On the IRCC’s page the stream for applicants not working in Canada never opened and is now labelled as “closed” although the stream for workers inside Canada when opened reached its cap in a day
For 2026 It is expected that IRCC will reopen these pilots’ streams for the applicants working in Canada.
To qualify for these pilots, applicants must have a full-time eligible job offer in Canada. They must also meet following certain criteria:
Launched in 2025, both the FCIP and RCIP are pilot programs to help employers address labor shortages in rural communities outside Quebec.
These pathways are for those who wish to live and settle in these communities permanently being skilled foreign workers with in-demand skills.
For a candidate to be eligible both the RCIP and FCIP require a job offer as they are employer-led pathways. Other required eligibility criteria for candidates to meet include education, work experience, language proficiency, and settlement funds. The candidates for FCIP also need to prove French language proficiency.
In 2026 we may see new employer designations and priority sectors and occupations being announced by participating communities as these pathways have not closed.
Foremostly, applicants need to have a qualifying job offer in the priority field of occupation and sector as chosen by the community they intend to settle in.
The other criteria they need to meet include:
Work experience: Have at least one year (or 1,560 hours) of related work experience in the past three years or have graduated from an eligible post-secondary school in the community.
Language proficiency: Meet English or French language proficiency requirements: For the RCIP, it ranges between Canadian Language Benchmark 4 – 6, (depending on the job offer’s NOC code), attested by valid language test results from the past two years. For the FCIP, applicants must display French language ability equivalent to a Niveaux de compétence linguistique canadien (NCLC) level 5 in all language abilities.
Education: Canadian secondary school diploma or post-secondary certificate, diploma, or degree (or foreign equivalent).
Settlement funds: Have enough money to support themselves and their families through the settlement process.
The year 2026 marks an exciting chapter in Canada’s immigration story, offering renewed hope and expanded opportunities for people from all walks of life.
Whether you’re a skilled professional, a dedicated care worker, a construction tradesperson, or someone who has already begun building your life in Canada, the federal government’s commitment to welcoming diverse talent means there may be a pathway designed with you in mind. While some programs fill quickly and require careful preparation, the sheer variety of new initiatives demonstrates Canada’s genuine dedication to becoming home for those willing to contribute to its communities and economy. The key is to stay informed, gather your documentation early, and remain optimistic—because for many aspiring Canadians, 2026 could be the year their dreams of permanent residence finally become reality. Your journey to calling Canada home may be closer than you think.
Key Takeaways:
For the next year, the following additional points of context are important to consider for these cap limits:
The following table from IRCC is a breakdown of the 2026 target into key student categories. One, for those exempted from the enrolment cap (masters, doctoral, and K-12 students) and another for those that require a provincial or territorial attestation letter (PAL/TAL) in order to apply for a study permit under the enrolment cap.
IRCC’s updated its cap breakdown for 2026, providing each province and territory’s detailed allocations and targets in Canada, both in terms of expected study permit issuance and with respect to the allocation of PAL/TALs for each region as well.
Although, it has been observed most importantly that these numbers suggest that the permit processing in the upcoming year will be less rigid. It is expected that approval rates will return as close to the previous trends of 50%+.
As per the IRCC outline, nearly 310,000 study permit applications for students acquired under the enrolment cap are anticipated, out of which the ministry expects to issue 180,000 study permits. These total numbers indicate almost double the current approval rate in 2025 with an estimated approval rate of 58% in 2026.
Issued on November 25, 2025, provided by IRCC the updated guidance on important updates for Canada’s international student program.
On 4 November 2025, the federal introduced a new budget including an Immigration Levels Plan targeting the numbers of new permanent residents and temporary residents that will be admitted for each year through 2028.
The new study permits in 2025 with foreign enrolment cap of 316,276, is now set limited to 155,000 new study permits for 2026 with a -49% reduction from 2025 levels and moving forward to 150,000 per year for 2027 and 2028.
The new targets also represent a significant change from the previously targeted limits of 385,000 in 2026 and 370,000 per year for 2027 and 2028.
Furthermore, the IRCC has issued additional guidance for students pursuing advanced degrees.
IRCC states that it will now offer accelerated study permit processing for applicants admitted to doctoral programs.
IRCC states: “Canada recognizes the important contributions doctoral degree students make to Canada’s research ecosystem and innovation agenda, including advancements in critical sectors like health care. Faster processing will make it much easier for high-performing international doctoral students to pursue their education, research and post-graduation career here.”
Additionally, as of January 2026, students enrolling in master’s or doctoral programs at public designated learning institutions (DLIs) will no longer require a provincial/territorial attestation letter (PAL/TAL) as they will be exempt from the enrolment cap.
IRCC suggested, “Master’s and doctoral degree students enrolling at a private DLI will continue to be subject to the intake cap’s [provincial/territorial attestation letter] requirement and will be counted as part of each province and territory’s overall allocation [under the enrolment cap].”
Therefore, the yearly comparisons have now become a bit challenging when relating to this year’s cap limit and the newly announced limits for 2026 (and after).
In the past benchmarks, students in advanced degree including both master’s and doctoral programs have represented particularly small proportion in the base of Canada’s foreign enrolment program. In comparison to 2023, nearly 10% of all study permits were approved for graduate students.
Study permits approved in 2023 for master’s and doctoral students were contributed around 10%, which is almost over 53,000 permits that year.
For 2022-23 academic year, the Statistics Canada suggest differently as there were around 65,000 students enrolled in advanced degree programs.
Basically, this suggests that Canada could welcome another 30,000–50,000 students or even more for advanced degree programs in 2026 despite the newly established cap limit of 155,000 new study permits for the year. This would mean that the initially calculated reduction in the cap limit of –49%, now could be anywhere from -41% to -30%.
It can reasonably be concluded from this new guidance that IRCC has introduced a structural preference within the study permit system —one that actively encourages public universities in Canada to increase recruitment for advanced degree programs.
It can reasonably be concluded from this new guidance that IRCC has introduced a structural preference within the study permit system —one that actively encourages public universities in Canada to increase recruitment for advanced degree programs.
Starting January 1, 2026, Canada has reinforced these measures, as IRCC has launched a dedicated landing page for graduate students, highlighting key incentives such as accelerated processing for doctoral applicants and exemption from the enrolment cap for graduate students at public institutions.
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